Osmotic Fragility Test Of Erythrocyte

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Osmotic Fragility Test Of Erythrocyte INTRODUCTION Red blood cell membrane restricts the solutes and allows only water to pass through them(osmosis). if the cells are placed in hypertonic solution sodium chloride (solution concentrated than normal saline e.g. 2%, (W/V), they shrink due to exosmosis. The red cells absorb water when kept in hypertonic solution (solution […]

Preparation of Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Cell

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Preparation of Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Cell INTRODUCTION Antinuclear antibodies occur in the serum in a wide range of autoimmune disorders, including systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A characteristic of SLE is the presence of 7S IgG antibodies to double standard DNA (ds – DNA). LE (lupus erythematosus) cells are a type of abnormal immune cell that […]

Estimation of Hemoglobin by Sahli method

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Estimation of Hemoglobin by Sahli method Clinical Significance A decrease in hemoglobin below normal range is an indication of anemia. An Increase in hemoglobin concentration occurs in hemoconcentration due to loss of body fluid in saver diarrhea and vomiting. High values are also observed in congenital heart disease (due to reduce oxygen supply) in emphysema […]

Physical Examination of Urine

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The various aspects studied for the physical examination of urine are:- Volume, colour, Appearance, Sediment formation, odor, Reaction and pH, Specific gravity. 1. Volumes 2. Color 3. Appearance 4. Sediment Formation 5. Odor 6. Reaction and pH 7. Specific gravity Physical Examination of Urine Physical Examination of Urine 1. Volume For an adult the normal […]

What is Parasite? and their Types

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What is Parasite? and their Types What is Parasite? All infectious agents are parasites that are dependent on any living Organism. For nourishment, growth and multiplication. The study of parasite that cause disease in man is called as medical parasitology. Clinical parasitology deals with those pathogenic Organism which are bigger in size than bacteria and […]