What is Hematology
Introduction:- Hematology is beach of medicine that is concerned with the study of blood the blood forming organs and blood disease . Hematology includes the study of etiology diagnosis treatment prognosis and prevention of blood disease.the laboratory test related to the study of blood are frequently performed by medical technologist and supervised by hematologists.
Hematology encompasses the study of blood components and cogulationt inculdes:-
- Analysis of the concentration structure and function of the cells and their precursors in the bone marrow.
- Analysis of chemical constituents of plasma or serum intimately linked with blood cells structure and functions.
- study of functions of the platelets and proteins involved in blood coagulation .
changes is one or more of the characteristics mentioned above may produce hematology disease or manifestations .the hematology laboratory deals with routine determination of total number of cells in circulation hemoglobin concentration and differential count of leukocytes based on the study of the stained blood smear. Study of the stained blood smear helps in detecting marphological abnormalites of various cells seen in the peripheral blood circulation .
Branches of Hematology
Hematopathology is the study of diseases that affect the blood and blood-forming tissues. It is a subspecialty of pathology that involves the analysis of blood cells and bone marrow samples to diagnose and monitor various hematologic disorders.
Hematology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Some of the main branches of hematology include:
- Hemostasis: the study of blood coagulation and the prevention of excessive bleeding.
- Transfusion medicine: the study of blood transfusions and blood products.
- Hematopathology: the study of the causes and effects of blood diseases, including the examination of blood and bone marrow samples.
- Hemato-oncology: the study of blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
- Pediatric hematology: the study of blood diseases in children.
- Hematology in pregnancy: deals with the study of hematological disorders during pregnancy.
Some of the branches of hematopathology include:
- Leukemia and Lymphoma: The study of malignant disorders of the blood and lymphatic systems, such as leukemia and lymphoma.
- Coagulation: The study of blood clotting disorders and the assessment of coagulation factors.
- Hemoglobinopathies: The study of genetic disorders of hemoglobin, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
- Transfusion Medicine: The study of blood transfusion therapy and blood banking, including the assessment of blood compatibility and the detection of infectious diseases.
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: The study of disorders characterized by the overproduction of one or more types of blood cells and the study of myelodysplastic .
- Syndromes Platelet disorders : Study of platelet function and platelet disorders like thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and platelet dysfunction.
- Immunohematology: The study of the immune system’s response to blood transfusions and the detection of antibodies in the blood.
- Hemostasis: The study of the physiological process of blood coagulation and the mechanisms that control blood loss.
- Bone marrow pathology: The study of bone marrow samples to diagnose and monitor various hematological disorders.
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: The study of the use of hematopoietic stem cells for the treatment of blood disorders, including the collection, processing, and transplantation of these cells.
- Hematologic malignancy in pediatric population : The study of hematological malignancy in children, which is a subspecialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of blood cancer in children.
- Cytogenetics and molecular pathology: The study of genetic and molecular changes in blood cells that can lead to hematological disorders.